Knowledge Base
Showing 24 of 204 guides. Use the numbered pages to browse the complete archive.
Site-to-site VPN peers have known addresses, yet most firewalls accept IKE from the whole internet. Here is how to replace implied rules with explicit peer allowlists and verify the change.
Automatic in-memory patches shrink the exposure window for edge devices, but they skip end-of-life releases, need verification, and cannot undo a prior compromise. Plan for the gaps.
A VPN gateway must decode a peer's certificate before it can trust the peer. That ordering makes the ASN.1 parser reachable by anyone on the internet, and it is where two classic bug types live.
Remote-access tools are built to run code on other machines. When the authorization check fails, a trusted file-transfer feature becomes a malware pipeline. Here is how and why.
When attackers abuse your remote-support software, the activity hides in normal-looking sessions. Learn where to hunt in audit logs and endpoint telemetry to catch it.
Cleaning one host at a time loses to malware that reinfects as you go. Here is why worm-like threats demand you cut the spread first, then rebuild.
Path traversal turns a filename parameter into a read of any file the server can open. Learn why filters fail, what confinement means, and why a file read can be a full compromise.
Public projects give anonymous users an API surface on your GitLab server. Here is how to inventory them, reduce the set, and stop new ones from appearing without an admin.
A CI/CD server holds the keys to every environment it deploys to. Here is why an information-disclosure bug on GitLab is a credential-theft event, and how to limit the blast radius.
A firewall stores VPN keys, SSL-VPN logins, LDAP binds, and wireless secrets. After a compromise, treat all of them as burned and rotate on a plan.
A heap overflow in a network service is not just a crash. Here is how attackers turn corrupted memory into unauthenticated remote code execution, step by step.
Your firewall listens on more ports than you think. Learn how to inventory its control-plane services and shut off the ones that face the internet.
Two ordinary weaknesses, a predictable session identifier and a built-in password, combined into unauthenticated root on Cisco FMC. Here is how such chains form and how to break them.
When attackers run an appliance's own built-in tools, signatures miss them. Forward logs, baseline normal behavior, and hunt for trusted utilities doing untrusted things.
A firewall management console holds standing admin reach over every firewall it controls. Compromise one and the attacker inherits the perimeter. Rank it by blast radius, not exposure.
A link-following bug lets a low-privileged attacker redirect a trusted service's file operation to a target they choose. That is how CVE-2026-81963 reached SYSTEM on Windows.
When a release carries 970 CVEs, sorting by CVSS drowns you. Triage by exploitation status, network reach, user interaction and asset criticality to find the few that matter.
A wormable bug spreads with no user and no credentials. When one lands in DNS, DHCP or a domain service, the window between patch and mass compromise shrinks to hours.
Template engines are small programs, not passive strings. When user input reaches the template itself instead of a bound value, injection turns into code execution, as the StyleSmuggler flaw showed.
Patching an RCE does not undo the secrets the attacker already read. An ordered runbook: freeze the environment, rotate the root key, then work outward through tokens, gateway credentials and keys.
A storefront concentrates money, personal data and trusted infrastructure behind an always-on public app that is slow to patch. That makes recurring zero-days like StyleSmuggler a budgeted cost, not a surprise.
Patching an exploited RMM flaw does not tell you whether the window was used. A seven-step audit: exposure window, accounts, remote sessions, pushed scripts, endpoint persistence, rebuild, exposure.
Emergency fixes often block the reported exploit path rather than the root cause, and follow-up CVEs arrive within days. How to recognise a multi-round patch cycle and run operations to survive it.
An RMM console can run code on every managed endpoint by design. That fan-out, pre-established trust and legitimate tooling turn one server compromise into many breaches.